What do you believe the trader of the future looks like skills wise?
We need to take a step back and look at today’s trading desk. By dissecting a trading desk into its functions, processes, and tasks, it becomes clear that 80% or more can be successfully automated with today’s technology – and that figure is just for the front-office, potentially even higher in the middle- and back-office. We first need to envision how the job will evolve in the coming years. I envision the trader’s role converging into a multifaceted position where responsibilities traditionally spanning from the front- to the back-office will be seamlessly integrated and executed with the aid of technology.
These technological advancements will profoundly impact our industry and give rise to a new kind of role: the “domain jack of all trades.” In other words, traders will likely become more akin to product owners. Being a market expert and knowing all the ins and outs of trading will no longer be sufficient. Instead, we will need to be familiar with all aspects of the business, from legal and settlement processes to transaction cost analysis and trading. This implies that fewer people will be needed to run a trading desk end-to-end, with more operations running as a one-man show, relying on the interaction of a human and a multitude of specialist systems or AIs.
So, what are the skills of a domain jack of all trades?
By definition, many, but the key ones I believe will be relevant are:
Project Management Skills: The ability to manage multiple tasks, prioritise efficiently, and oversee the implementation and maintenance of automated trading workflows.
Adaptability and Curiosity: Flexibility to adapt to new market and regulatory conditions. A continuous drive to learn about every single corner of the business and market. This adaptability will be essential in an environment where change is constant and rapid.
Technical Skills: While traders may not need to program large-scale applications, the ability to retrieve and analyse data will remain vital. Skills in basic programming or systems knowledge will be necessary for tasks such as manual overrides, improvements, and customisations. Understanding technology will be crucial for validating automated workflows.
Soft Skills: Strong communication skills to convey complex information to diverse stakeholders. Problem-solving and creativity to navigate and innovate within complex systems. A holistic business understanding to see the broader picture and integrate various aspects of the business effectively. This is, and will likely continue to be, a people business, requiring strong interpersonal skills to manage relationships and collaborate effectively.
The interesting aspect of this vision is that no single degree can prepare you for this. It is unrealistic to expect a trader to be formally trained in finance, software engineering, and law to do the job. Therefore, either education will need to become significantly more industry-focused, or firms will have to identify and develop new talents to become the domain jack of all trades.
The trader of the future will be a multifaceted professional, adept at integrating technology, traditional market expertise, and a broad understanding of the operational aspects of the business. This evolution will streamline trading operations, creating more efficient and dynamic trading desks powered by human-AI collaboration.
How can firms ensure that their traders receive the necessary support to do so?
We have two aspects to consider, how our firms will develop domain jack of all trades within the existing workforce and how will we recruit them. In terms of development, I work for an organisation that has successfully cultivated domain jack of all trades for years. What I have seen is that ownership is what transforms a great employee or trader into a do-it-all, all-terrain expert; giving more responsibility and freedom only brings the very best of people as far as the firm’s mission is clear to everyone in the organisation, which is the case of NBIM – with the added advantage of having a common goal.
As a trader, this ownership can mean taking full responsibility for an asset class and/or a region. This includes managing counterparty relationships, overseeing internal processes, making key decisions, and communicating across various stakeholders. Effectively, you own a start-up within a larger organisation. This setup naturally drives innovation, improves how things are run, and maximises returns. Because of this, I believe that firms with a flatter structure are better positioned to foster ownership and hence develop successful domain jack of all trades.
Additionally, rotations or secondments across all seniority levels have been widely popular and highly effective tools. They not only support the development and future-proof our workforce but also cross-pollinate best practices. This exposure to different parts of the business helps traders develop a broad skill set and a deep understanding of the entire trading operation.
The other aspect is how do we recruit domain jack of all trades. It is obvious that the old-school interview rounds, and brain teasers and esoteric questions are no longer relevant. Hiring will likely become a lot more expensive. New grads will probably be hired from summer internships or similar programs where we can evaluate individuals over a longer time horizon. Finding well-rounded candidates for trading roles will be very difficult with short hiring processes.
How do you expect traders to adapt to software engineering requirements in the future?
The claim that traders will speak the language of software engineering is becoming increasingly true. However, it’s essential to understand that software engineering encompasses much more than just programming. While AI might handle the bulk of coding tasks, there will always be a need for scripting and integration. If we consider the trader as the conductor of an orchestra of AIs, the need for software engineering becomes much more apparent. The trader, as the domain expert, will need to resort to engineering principles to design and aid in the development of trading workflows and systems.
Traders of the future will need to develop a robust understanding of engineering principles to collaborate effectively with technical teams and machines. This shift will enable them to design, develop, and manage complex trading workflows, leveraging the full potential of AI and automation. As the conductor of an orchestra of AIs, the trader’s role will evolve to integrate technical expertise with market knowledge, driving innovation and efficiency in trading operations.
In your Oxford style debate, your opponent is arguing AI will fill the role of coding and traders will go back to the phones – what do you think will happen?
I think Armon-Jones uses the phone as an analogy for the business getting even more relationship based. With increasing process and decision-making automation in trading, I cannot see this evolving in that direction – unless the trader makes a script to instruct the systems to route volume based on what broker took him/her out for lunch that week, in which case the trader would need to know how to program!
If voice trading is supposed to save the role of the traditional trader, we should see this role growing significantly over the next couple of years. Unfortunately, the opposite is true. Looking at current trends and how the future is shaping up, there will be a reduction of workforce at the trading desks. When that reduction of personnel required to run a trading desk becomes its minimum, it will converge to the trader as the conductor of an orchestra of AIs or the “domain jack of all trades”. It sounds scary, but also it opens lots of exciting possibilities and new roles in the industry.